[经验交流]：一定要知道的英语语法[转帖]
1. 形容词的位置：<BR><BR> 代名形容词＋数量形容词＋性状形容词＋名词<BR><BR> 再细分如下：<BR><BR> 1放在冠词前的形容词(all, both, such...)＋2冠词、指示形容词、所有形容词、不定形容词(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)＋3序数(first, second...)＋4基数(one, two...)＋5性质、状态(kind, fine, good...)＋6大小、长短、形状(large, small, big...)＋7新旧、温度(old, new, hot...)＋8颜色(red, blue...)＋9国籍(Chinese, English, Japanese...)＋10材料(iron, brick, stone...)＋11名词、动名词(boy, house...)<BR><BR> 2. some和any的用法：<BR><BR> （1）两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个；任何一个； 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些；有些。<BR><BR> 〔2）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。<BR><BR> I am looking for some matches.<BR><BR> Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.<BR><BR> 〔3）特殊的用法：<BR><BR> (A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。<BR><BR> Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)<BR><BR> (B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。<BR><BR> Come any day you like.<BR><BR> （4）some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。<BR><BR> Some of them are my students.〔代名词）<BR><BR> Is your mother any better?（副词）<BR><BR> 3. many和much的用法：<BR><BR> 〔1）many修饰复数可数名词，表许多； much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。<BR><BR> He has many friends, but few true ones.<BR><BR> There hasn't been much good weather recently.<BR><BR> （2）many a:<BR><BR> many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。<BR><BR> Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)<BR><BR> 〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as, like时, 只用so many。<BR><BR> These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.<BR><BR> They worked like so many ants.<BR><BR> （4）as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。<BR><BR> He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量）<BR><BR> I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情）<BR><BR> （5）many和much之后不接名词时，作为代名词；另外much也可用副词。<BR><BR> Many of them were very tired.<BR><BR> I don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名词）<BR><BR> He is much taller than I. （副词〕<BR><BR> 4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：<BR><BR> (1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。<BR><BR> He took a few biscuits. (=several)<BR><BR> He took few biscuits(=not many)<BR><BR> He took a little butter. (=some)<BR><BR> He took little butter. (=not much)<BR><BR> (2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。<BR><BR> The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.<BR><BR> Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.<BR><BR> (3) a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。<BR><BR> He has a few (=some or several) friends.<BR><BR> (4) a little和little之间的差别，就和a few和few的差别一样，只是(a) little须修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。<BR><BR> He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.<BR><BR> He is not much better, but there is a little hope.<BR><BR> 5. 其他的数量形容词：<BR><BR> (1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。<BR><BR> The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.（复数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.（不可数名词）<BR><BR> (2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表（量）， 修饰不可数名词。<BR><BR> The room contained a great deal of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained a good deal of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained a large quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained a large amount of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> The room contained a small amount of furniture. （不可数名词）<BR><BR> (3) a number of “许多；一些”；a great (large, good) number of “许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。<BR><BR> A number of books are missing from the library.<BR><BR> The number of books from the library is large.<BR><BR> （the number of ＋复数名词←→单数动词）<BR><BR> The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.（复数可数名词）<BR><BR> (4) enough的用法：<BR><BR> (A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。<BR><BR> There are enough chairs. （可数）<BR><BR> There is enough furniture. （不可数）<BR><BR> (B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。<BR><BR> We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.<BR><BR> (5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of ＋复数可数名词<BR><BR> 冠词或数词(one, two...) ＋ (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 复数可数名词<BR><BR> (6) the rest of “其余的”， 可接复数可数名词及不可数名词，作主词时，接可数名词则用复数动词，接不可数名词则用单数动词。<BR><BR> The rest of the students are absent. （复数可数名词）<BR><BR> The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词）<BR><BR> 注：the rest作代名词， 等于 the others， 和复数动词连用。<BR><BR> <BR><BR> 6. 不可名词量的表示语：<BR><BR> (1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：<BR><BR> 数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词<BR><BR> (2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。<BR><BR> (A) 物质名词：<BR><BR> a piece (suit) of armour;<BR><BR> a piece (slice) of cake;<BR><BR> a piece (an article) of furniture;<BR><BR> a piece of jewelry;<BR><BR> a piece (sheet) of paper;<BR><BR> a cake of soap;<BR><BR> a piece (slice) of bacon;<BR><BR> a piece (stick) of chalk;<BR><BR> a bit (blade) of grass;<BR><BR> a piece (strip) of land;<BR><BR> a bit (grain) of rice;<BR><BR> a bowl of soup;<BR><BR> (B) 抽象名词<BR><BR> a word of abuse;<BR><BR> an item (a bit) of business;<BR><BR> an attack of fever;<BR><BR> a bit (an amount) of interest;<BR><BR> a fit of passion;<BR><BR> a piece (word) of advice;<BR><BR> a piece of evidence;<BR><BR> a piece (an item) of information;<BR><BR> a piece (an item) of news;<BR><BR> (C) 自然现象：<BR><BR> a flash of lightening;<BR><BR> a bolt of thunder;<BR><BR> 7. 名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of,<BR><BR> (1) 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。<BR><BR> What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?<BR><BR> I don't like that sort of game.<BR><BR> (2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.<BR><BR> I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.<BR><BR> (3) 比较下列用法：（加*表非正式用法）<BR><BR> I don't like this (*those) kind of person.<BR><BR> I don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.<BR><BR> I like this kind of flower.<BR><BR> I like flowers of this kind.<BR><BR> I like *these kind of flowers.<BR><BR> I like this kind of roses.<BR><BR> I like roses of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）<BR><BR> I like roses of these kinds.（置名词后更强调种类）<BR>
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